AN/SQR-19

The AN/SQR-19 Tactical Towed Array Sonar (TACTAS) represents one of the most important advancements in naval anti-submarine warfare technology, designed to give surface combatants the ability to detect and track submarines at long ranges with precision and stealth. Unlike active sonar systems that emit sound pulses and wait for echoes, the SQR-19 is a purely passive system, meaning it listens silently to the acoustic environment of the ocean. This approach allows it to remain undetected while still gathering valuable intelligence on potential underwater threats, making it a cornerstone of modern naval defense strategies.

At the heart of the system is its long, flexible hydrophone array, which measures over 250 meters in length and has a diameter of 82 millimeters. This array is towed behind the ship, suspended by a heavily armored cable that stretches more than 1,800 meters, or roughly a mile, into the sea. By placing the array so far behind the vessel, the system minimizes interference from the ship’s own machinery noise, allowing it to pick up faint sounds from distant submarines that would otherwise be masked.

The hydrophones embedded in the array are highly sensitive and capable of detecting the subtle acoustic signatures produced by submarine propulsion systems, machinery, and even the flow of water over a submarine’s hull. These sounds, though often faint, can be analyzed to determine not only the presence of a submarine but also its type, speed, and direction of travel. This capability is essential in modern naval operations, where stealthy submarines pose one of the greatest threats to surface fleets.

Integration with the AN/SQQ-89 Anti-Submarine Warfare Combat System further enhances the effectiveness of the SQR-19. The sonar array provides raw acoustic data, which is then processed and analyzed by the combat system to classify and track contacts. This integration allows operators to build a comprehensive underwater picture, combining data from multiple sensors to improve accuracy and reduce the risk of false detections. The result is a powerful tool that enables commanders to make informed tactical decisions in real time.

The SQR-19 is designed to operate in challenging maritime environments, functioning effectively in sea conditions up to sea state 4, which corresponds to moderate waves and rough seas. Its robust construction and armored towing cable ensure that it can withstand the stresses of prolonged deployment in such conditions. Additionally, the system can be towed at depths of up to 335 meters, allowing it to operate below surface noise layers and improve detection performance in complex acoustic environments.

One of the key advantages of the SQR-19 is its compatibility with a wide range of surface combatants, including the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (DDG-51) and Ticonderoga-class cruisers (CG-47). These ships form the backbone of the United States Navy’s surface fleet, and equipping them with advanced sonar systems like the SQR-19 ensures that they remain capable of countering submarine threats in any theater of operations. The system’s modular design also allows for upgrades and integration with evolving combat systems, ensuring its relevance well into the future.

The primary mission of the SQR-19 is to detect, classify, and track submarines at long ranges, providing early warning and situational awareness to naval commanders. By identifying submarine contacts before they can approach within weapon range, the system plays a critical role in protecting carrier strike groups, amphibious task forces, and independent surface combatants. This early detection capability is particularly important in contested waters, where adversary submarines may attempt to shadow or threaten high-value naval assets.